The process of removing the ceramic mold from the casting. After the poured castings have cooled to an acceptable temperature, they are transferred to the knockout area.

When decoring or de-sanding castings, the sand core, core residues and adhering sand are reliably removed. This is done in the three process steps of hammering, vibrating and turning. Pneumatic hammers break the sand core in the first step by applying impact energy.

The gates are the point between the runner and mould cavity and can be positioned vertically, horizontally or at the bottom of the cavity. The objective should be to minimise erosion of the sand mould by the metal stream.

Shot blasting uses high-velocity pellets or beads — made of steel, copper, aluminum or another substance — as its abrasive material. Shot blasting machines concentrate these beads in one area at extremely high speeds to clear materials such as rust, paints or other coatings.During this process, a motor creates enough kinetic force to shoot or push the pellets at your desired surface. This method is efficient and ideal for large surfaces. For centrifugal shot blasting, multiple people may use several machines to cover more ground, but one person could easily handle the job.

Grinding is used to remove small amounts of material from both flat surfaces and cylindrical shapes. Surface grinders reciprocate the work on a table while feeding it into the grinding wheel. The depth to which the wheel cuts usually falls between 0.00025 and 0.001 in. Cylindrical grinders mount the workpiece on centers androtate it while simultaneously applying the periphery of a spinning abrasive wheel to it. Centerless grinding is used to produce small parts in high volumes wherethe ground surface has no relation to any other surface except as a whole. Ground surfaces of 200-500 min. rms are usually considered acceptable for many applications and are a starting point for further finishing operations which include lapping, honing, and superfinishing. Double disc grinding is another methodthat allows parts to be passed, one or more times, between two counter-rotating grinding wheels.